PM Narendra Modi participated in the SCO Summit 2025 in Tianjin, China

Introduction - The 25th Summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization was held on 30-31 August, 2025 in Tianjin, China. The theme of this summit: "Preserving the Shanghai Spirit: Dynamic SCO."

• PM Narendra Modi participated in the SCO Summit in Tianjin, China on 31 August, 2025. The 25th Summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization began on 30 August, 2025 in Tianjin, China. The theme of this summit: "Preserving the Shanghai Spirit: Dynamic SCO."
• The summit reviewed 25 years of achievements of the organization and also adopted a ten-year development strategy. China hosted the SCO Summit for the fifth time, chaired by President Xi Jinping. More than 20 heads of state and leaders of 10 international organizations participated in it.
• Prime Minister Narendra Modi is on his first visit to China in seven years, where he also held bilateral talks with Russia’s Vladimir Putin amid the impact of Trump’s tariffs on international trade.

Shanghai Cooperation Organization

• SCO stands for "Shanghai Cooperation Organization." It is an intergovernmental political, economic, and security alliance established in 2001 by Kazakhstan, China, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan. The first summit was held in 2001 in Shanghai, China.
• In 2023, India hosted the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), but the summit was held online.

Structure of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization

• 1996: The "Shanghai Five" was established by Kazakhstan, China, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Tajikistan.
• 2001: After including Uzbekistan, the Shanghai Five was renamed SCO.
• 2015: In Ufa, Russia, SCO decided to admit India and Pakistan as full members.
• 2016: India and Pakistan signed a memorandum of obligations in Tashkent (Uzbekistan), formally starting the process of joining SCO as full members.
• 2017: In Astana, India and Pakistan officially joined SCO as full members.
• 2021: It was announced that Iran would become a full member of SCO.
• Observers: Afghanistan, Belarus, and Mongolia
• Dialogue partners: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Turkey, Egypt, Nepal, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia
• The main permanent executive headquarters is in Beijing, China.
• The Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) headquarters is in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.