President Droupadi Murmu prorogued both the Houses of Parliament which adjourned sine die on Friday 11 August.

In separate statements, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha said, the House has been prorogued. The Monsoon Session was held between the 20 July to 11 August.

Session of Parliament:

Three sessions in a year:
Budget Session (February to May);
Monsoon Session (July to September); and
Winter Session (November to December).
The period between the prorogation of a House and its reassembly in a new session is called ‘recess’.

Summon

It is the process of calling all members of the Parliament to meet.

Duty of the Indian President to summon each House of the Parliament from time to time.

The maximum gap between two sessions of Parliament cannot be more than six months.

It means the Parliament should meet at least twice a year.

Adjournment

An adjournment suspends the work in a sitting for a specified time, which may be hours, days or weeks. In this case, the time of reassembly is specified.

An adjournment only terminates a sitting and not a session of the House.

The power of adjournment lies with the presiding officer of the House.

Adjournment Sine Die

It means terminating a sitting of Parliament for an indefinite period.

In other words, when the House is adjourned without naming a day for reassembly, it is called adjournment sine die

The power of adjournment sine die lies with the presiding officer of the House.

Prorogation

The termination of a by an order made by the President under article 85 of the Constitution.

The President can also prorogate the House while in session.

Dissolution

A dissolution ends the life of the existing House, and a new House is constituted after general elections only.

Rajya Sabha, being a permanent House, is not subject to dissolution. Only the Lok Sabha is subject to dissolution.